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Skal utrydde lakseparasitten

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Klima- og miljødepartementet har gitt Miljødirektoratet klarsignal til å begynne å utrede bekjempelse av lakseparasitten Gydodactylus salaris fra Drammensregionen, den siste regionen uten bekjempelsesplan.

 

GYRODACTYLUS SALARIS

  • Lakseparasitten Gyrodactylus salaris er en ca. 0,5 mm stor parasitt som angriper lakseyngel i ferskvann. Den er en av de største truslene mot villaksen i Norge.
  • Parasitten er introdusert til Norge gjennom innførsel av fremmed laks og regnbueørret minst fire ganger.
  • Gyrodactylus salaris har ført til årlige inntektstap i størrelsesorden 200-250 millioner kroner, som fram til i dag har kostet Norge tre til fire milliarder kroner.
  • Smitteregion Drammen består av 3 infiserte vassdrag, Drammensvassdraget, Lierelva (begge Buskerud) og Sandeelva (Vestfold).

– Målet har vært å bekjempe parasitten der det er mulig. Drammensregionen har stått igjen som den siste usikre brikken, men vi har nå fått klarsignal fra KLD til å begynne å se på hvordan en utrydding kan gjøres. Nå har vi et gyrofritt Norge i siktet, sier Ellen Hambro, direktør i Miljødirektoratet.

En ekspertgruppe nedsatt av Miljødirektoratet konkluderte tidligere i år med at lakseparasitten Gyrodactylus salaris kan utryddes i Drammensregionen ved hjelp av ulike metoder. Drammen er den eneste regionen hvor det foreløpig ikke er utarbeidet en plan for utryddelse, og det har blitt stilt spørsmål om det er realistisk å utrydde parasitten her.

Klima og miljødepartementet (KLD) har nå gitt klarsignal om at utredning med sikte på utryddelse kan starte. KLD har også sluttet seg til at det på nåværende tidspunkt ikke er nødvendig å ta stilling til hvilken metode som skal benyttes.

Stor betydning for lokalsamfunnet

Av 50 vassdrag som har vært infisert er 32 vassdrag friskmeldte, 11 vassdrag venter på friskmelding etter behandling og 7 vassdrag gjenstår som infiserte - fire i Drivaregionen og tre i Drammensregionen. Kjemisk behandling i kombinasjon med fiskesperrer, har de seneste årene dannet grunnlaget for bekjempelsesarbeidet, som har ført til færre infiserte vassdrag og redusert spredningsrisiko.


I tillegg til at parasitten dreper laksebestanden i vassdrag den er spredt til, vil en infisert elv utgjøre en smitterisiko overfor andre elver og regioner.

– En eventuell framtidig friskmelding av Drammenselva og gjenoppbygging av laksebestanden vil ha stor betydning for lokalsamfunnet. Og får vi fjernet parasitten helt fra norske vassdrag er vi kvitt en alvorlig trussel mot de norske laksebestandene, sier Hambro.

Utfordrende region

Flere forhold i Drammensregionen gjør behandling spesielt krevende. Ekspertgruppa har vurdert Drammensfjorden med sitt ferskvannslag og forekomst av infiserte laksunger som den største utfordringen. En annen stor utfordring er det artsrike samfunnet av ferskvannsfisk i regionen, med til dels dårlig kjent biologi som må bevares, dersom man skal benytte rotenon.

Utfordringene skal nå løses gjennom en kartlegging og detaljplanlegging tilsvarende tidligere bekjempelsesaksjoner.

I tillegg til de metodene med rotenon og surt aluminium som allerede har vært tatt i bruk, har forsøk med klor vist gode resultater.

– Parallelt med kartleggingen vil Miljødirektoratet støtte prosjektet som videreutvikler klor som en mulig ny metode for å bekjempe parasitten. Forsøkene som er gjort så langt er veldig lovende, men det vil ta flere år før vi vet om klor kan brukes i bekjempelse, sier Hambro.

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